HS 101

What is Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Hidradenitis Suppurativa, often called HS, is a chronic, complex inflammatory illness that can cause extremely painful recurring boil-like abscesses, tunnels, drainage, and scarring.

Person impacted by hidradenitis suppurativa

Have you had two or more boil-like abscesses in the last six months?

This quick check is not a diagnosis, but it can help you decide whether recurring symptoms may be worth discussing with a dermatologist.

If you said yes, you may have HS.

We’re glad you’re here. HS Connect can help you learn what HS is, what symptoms to look for, and how to start seeking care.

You’re still welcome here.

HS can look different from person to person. If you have painful bumps, recurring swelling, drainage, scarring, or symptoms that keep coming back, learning more may still help.

HS quick facts

HS can be confusing, especially because it is often mistaken for boils, acne, ingrown hairs, or infection. These basics matter.

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Chronic

HS is a long-term inflammatory condition, not a one-time skin problem.

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Inflammatory

HS involves inflammation under the skin and around hair follicles.

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Not your fault

HS is not caused by poor hygiene and is not contagious.

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Life-impacting

HS can affect physical, mental, social, emotional, and financial well-being.

What HS can look and feel like

HS may start as pustules, painful bumps, or boil-like abscesses. Lesions can occur anywhere hair follicles are found, except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and darker part of the lips.

Painful abscesses

Recurring boil-like abscesses can be extremely painful and may come back in the same areas.

Drainage

Some HS lesions open and drain, which can impact clothing, comfort, odor, and daily activities.

Tunnels and scarring

Over time, HS can cause sinus tracts, tunnels under the skin, and significant scarring.

Flares

Symptoms may worsen during flares, which can be triggered by different factors for different people.

Multiple body areas

HS can appear in areas where skin rubs together, but it can also affect other hair-bearing areas.

Whole-life impact

HS can affect movement, sleep, relationships, work, school, and mental health.

Hurley stages of HS

The Hurley Staging System is one way providers describe HS severity. Different body areas can show different stages, and some people may experience severe symptoms even before tunnel formation.

Stage 1

Isolated abscesses, usually without significant scarring. Surface discoloration may occur.

Stage 2

Recurrent abscesses with significant scarring and sinus tract formation.

Stage 3

Extensive scarring with multiple interconnected abscesses and sinus tracts.

Hurley stages of hidradenitis suppurativa

Understanding HS

HS is complex. The more you understand what HS is, what it is not, and what treatment options exist, the easier it can be to advocate for care.

What causes HS?

The exact cause of HS remains unknown. HS is thought to involve follicular occlusion and immune system inflammation under the skin.

Read More

What can trigger HS?

Triggers are different for each person. Common triggers discussed in the community include clothing, weather, food, exercise, friction, stress, and mechanical stress.

Read About Triggers

Treatment options

HS treatment is not one-size-fits-all. Options may include medications, biologics, procedures, surgery, wound care, and supportive lifestyle tools.

Explore Treatments

HS is not your fault.

HS is a chronic inflammatory condition. It is not caused by poor hygiene, and it is not contagious. You deserve care, answers, and support without shame.

Not caused by poor hygiene HS is not the result of being “dirty.”
Not contagious You cannot catch HS from another person.
You deserve support Good care starts with being heard and taken seriously.

What Your Doctor Doesn’t Have Time to Tell You

Short, patient-friendly videos that explain HS in plain language. Watch the videos individually and explore the topics most helpful to you.

What to explore next

Whether you are newly diagnosed, searching for answers, or trying to find better care, these resources can help.

Find a dermatologist

Search for dermatologists who treat HS and better understand the condition.

Find a Dermatologist

Explore clinical trials

Learn about HS clinical trial opportunities and questions to ask before enrolling.

Clinical Trials

Join support

Connect with others who understand life with HS through support groups and community resources.

Support Groups